Texas Estate Planning

Latest on the Queen of Soul’s Estate

The IRS said that Aretha Franklin’s estate owed more than $7.8 million in unpaid income taxes, interest and penalties from 2010 to 2017.
The Detroit Free Press’ recent article entitled “Aretha Franklin estate reaches deal with IRS to pay off claimed $7.8 million tax debt” reports a big breakthrough. It seems that Franklin’s four sons and the IRS have reached a settlement that would expedite the payment of the remaining tax burden and allow her sons access to some of the money from their late mother’s fortune.
Aretha’s heirs have not yet inherited anything from the estate because of the IRS situation.
In a petition filed February 19 in Oakland County Probate Court, the estate said the proposed arrangement includes an immediate $800,000 payment to the IRS. This is despite the fact that the estate continues to question the total tax bill owed.
Since her death, Franklin’s estate has been steadily paying on the tax debt, as well as the constantly growing interest, as it appeals the IRS’s claimed total. As of December 2020, the balance was $4.75 million.
The new petition says the final IRS bill will be determined “by agreement or litigation.”
The agreement between the estate and the IRS details the way in which Aretha’s posthumous revenue will be distributed, until the tax debt is resolved. Backdated to January 1 of this year, it includes new income from song royalties, licensing agreements and other money streams. This agreement states that 45% of quarterly revenue will go toward the existing IRS balance. 40% would also be earmarked for an escrow account to deal with the taxes due on the newly generated income. The other 15% of revenue would be used for managing the estate.
The agreement also provides an immediate $50,000 payment to each of Franklin’s four sons and approves quarterly cash payouts to them. This proposed deal, authorized by 10 attorneys representing the sons, was submitted to the court by attorney Reginald Turner. The Detroit lawyer and incoming American Bar Association president was appointed last year as temporary personal representative of the Franklin estate. The agreement has to be approved by Judge Jennifer Callaghan to be executable.
Franklin died in August 2018, after a long battle with cancer.
Reference: Detroit Free Press (March 1, 2021) “Aretha Franklin estate reaches deal with IRS to pay off claimed $7.8 million tax debt”

Can I Make Decisions for My 18-Year-Old ‘Kid’ If She Becomes Incapacitated?

The Press-Enterprise’s recent article entitled “Legal documents for young adults” describes some of the important legal and estate planning documents your “kid” (who’s now an adult) should have.

HIPAA Waiver. This form allows medical personnel to provide information to the parties you’ve named in the document. Without it, even mom would be prohibited from accessing her 19-year-old’s health information—even in an emergency. However, know that this form doesn’t authorize anyone to make decisions. For that, see Health Care Directives below.

Health Care Directive. Also known as a health care power of attorney, this authorizes someone else to make health care decisions for you and details the decisions you’d like made.

Durable Power of Attorney. Once your child turns 18, you’re no longer able to act on their behalf, make decisions for them, or enter into any kind of an agreement binding them. This can be a big concern, if your adult child becomes incapacitated. A springing durable power of attorney is a document that becomes effective only upon the incapacity of the principal (the person signing the document). It’s called a “springing” power because it springs into effect upon incapacity, rather than being effective immediately.

A durable power of attorney, whether springing or immediate, states who can make decisions for you upon your incapacity and what powers the agent has. The designated agent will typically be able to access bank accounts, pay bills, file insurance claims, engage attorneys or other professionals, and in general, act on behalf of the incapacitated person.

They’ll always be your babies, but once your child turns 18, he or she is legally an adult.

Be certain that you’ve got the legal documents in place to be there for them in case of an emergency.

Remember a spring break, when they’re home for summer after their 18th birthday, or a senior road trip are all opportunities when these documents may be needed.

Reference: The Press-Enterprise (April 2, 2022) “Legal documents for young adults”

Do I Need a Personal Representative Named in My Will?

When you pass away, it will be up to your executor or personal representative to handle all the paperwork after your death and the distribution of your assets.

Fed Week’s recent article entitled “Considerations when Picking an Executor for Your Estate” suggest that one possibility is to name an independent party as your estate’s executor.

An executor or personal representative of an estate is a person or entity that’s appointed to administer the last will and testament of a deceased person. The executor's main duty is to carry out the instructions to manage the affairs and wishes of the deceased.

The executor is appointed either by the testator of the will (the person who makes the will) or by a court, in the event where there’s no prior appointment in a will.

However, a bank trust department or even an independent trust company might serve as an executor.

While your family may not like paying fees to an executor, if you name a surviving relative as executor, he or she may face enormous pressure from heirs with competing claims.

It’s not unheard of for family disputes to occur.

It’s also important to point out that an executor assumes a fiduciary responsibility that may be better left to an institution. The executor of the estate is required to complete an estate tax return, pay any estate tax due and distribute the estate’s assets.

If that tax return is later audited and more tax is due, the executor is legally responsible. The other heirs may not be ready to give some of their money back to pay the tax. You can, therefore, see that there is at least one point of contention that could grow into a conflict.

However, if you name an institution, you shift that liability away from a family member.

If you don’t expect any tax or family problems with your estate, you can simply name a family member as executor. You can perhaps name an adult child, because a surviving spouse may be too overwhelmed to deal with everything.

However, a grown son or daughter who is conscientious and lives close might be a good choice.

In any case, your will should designate a backup executor.

Reference: Fed Week (May 3, 2022) “Considerations when Picking an Executor for Your Estate”

Do I Need a Personal Representative Named in My Will?

When you pass away, it will be up to your executor or personal representative to handle all the paperwork after your death and the distribution of your assets.

Fed Week’s recent article entitled “Considerations when Picking an Executor for Your Estate” suggest that one possibility is to name an independent party as your estate’s executor.

An executor or personal representative of an estate is a person or entity that’s appointed to administer the last will and testament of a deceased person. The executor's main duty is to carry out the instructions to manage the affairs and wishes of the deceased.

The executor is appointed either by the testator of the will (the person who makes the will) or by a court, in the event where there’s no prior appointment in a will.

However, a bank trust department or even an independent trust company might serve as an executor.

While your family may not like paying fees to an executor, if you name a surviving relative as executor, he or she may face enormous pressure from heirs with competing claims.

It’s not unheard of for family disputes to occur.

It’s also important to point out that an executor assumes a fiduciary responsibility that may be better left to an institution. The executor of the estate is required to complete an estate tax return, pay any estate tax due and distribute the estate’s assets.

If that tax return is later audited and more tax is due, the executor is legally responsible. The other heirs may not be ready to give some of their money back to pay the tax. You can, therefore, see that there is at least one point of contention that could grow into a conflict.

However, if you name an institution, you shift that liability away from a family member.

If you don’t expect any tax or family problems with your estate, you can simply name a family member as executor. You can perhaps name an adult child, because a surviving spouse may be too overwhelmed to deal with everything.

However, a grown son or daughter who is conscientious and lives close might be a good choice.

In any case, your will should designate a backup executor.

Reference: Fed Week (May 3, 2022) “Considerations when Picking an Executor for Your Estate”

Why Do I Need a Will?

Without an estate plan, it can open the door to family disputes or significant court costs to settle an estate. Nonetheless, just a little more than half of Americans over 55 have a will, according to a 2019 survey by Merrill Lynch.

The Seattle Times’ recent article entitled “Do you have a will? Without an estate plan, families can struggle to sort it out” says it’s critical to put your wishes in writing, so health care and financial decisions are handled responsibly at the end of your life.

It’s the best thing you could do to help their family and eliminate any kind of discord down the road.

This can help with the most routine aspects of settling someone’s affairs or provide additional protection for more rare occurrences.

There are three significant steps to take when estate planning, though others may be necessary for someone’s specific financial, health or family situation.

It’s best to work with an experienced estate planning attorney.

Create a living trust. A living trust states specific plans for the person creating the trust, while they’re still alive and after death. This includes instructions for medical care and how to divide and distribute assets held in the trust, including property, businesses and investments.

Write a will. Writing a will can also instruct the way real property and other assets should be transferred. Note that a will that’s entirely in someone’s own handwriting — not anyone else’s — that’s signed and dated can be valid. However, it’s important to know that a hand-written will can be disputed in court, if there are questions about its authenticity and some states do not permit them at all. A will also can nominate the guardian for your minor children.

Designate health care and financial powers of attorney. This person or people will make decisions about your medical decisions and finances, if you’re incapacitated.

Reference: The Seattle Times (May 16, 2022) “Do you have a will? Without an estate plan, families can struggle to sort it out”

How to Find a Great Estate Planning Attorney

With so many law firms, it can be challenging to find the right one for your estate planning, says Diving Daily’s recent article entitled “5 Factors to Consider When Choosing an Estate Planning Law Firm.”

The article lists the following factors you should consider when choosing an estate planning law firm.

1. Your Specific Needs. Before you look for an estate planning lawyer, first determine what it is you need from the lawyer. Consider the intricacies of your estate and whether it has any complexities and special considerations. This will help you narrow down the list of legal professionals who can help you plan your estate.
2. Experience. Working with an inexperienced law firm or attorney will only work to your detriment. You typically want to look for a lawyer with at least five years of experience in estate planning.
3. Fees. The expense shouldn’t be your primary consideration when selecting an estate planning attorney, but it’s still worth mentioning. Make certain that you find an attorney that you can afford. However, this doesn’t mean you should hire the cheapest lawyer you can find. In most cases, you’ll end up getting what you pay for. Instead, find a lawyer with reasonable rates.
4. Reputation. You want an estate planning attorney who has made a name for his or herself in estate planning law. Look at reviews and testimonials online. These are first-hand accounts of previous clients’ experiences with the law firm. They’ll help you decide whether the lawyer is worth your time and money.
5. Attitude. Make an in-person appointment with the attorney before making your decision and learn about the lawyer’s attitude and demeanor. You’ll want an attorney that’s friendly and easy to talk to. You should note his or her professionalism and knowledge of estate planning.

Make sure you do your due diligence to find the best people to help you plan your estate.

Reference: Diving Daily (April 26, 2022) “5 Factors to Consider When Choosing an Estate Planning Law Firm”

When Should I Update My Will?

CNBC’s recent article entitled “When it comes to a will or estate plan, don’t just set it and forget it” says that your will should be updated when your personal circumstances change,  could happen at any time. Some frequent triggers include:

• Changes in health, including that of executors and guardians
• Changes in laws, which may impact tax and legal strategies; and
• Changes in state residence, which can also impact planning.

Every state has different laws as to the administration of a will. They will vary regarding the required residence of an executor, inheritance tax laws and whether a child can be disinherited by omission.

It’s wise to review your will every few years with an estate planning attorney, who likely will say that documents should also be reviewed when these events happen:

• A substantial change in your financial status
• A change of parental status, like the birth of a child
• A change of guardians
• Changes in designations of fiduciaries, such as the executor of the will, successor trustee of a revocable trust, attorney-in-fact, or health-care agent; and
• Changes in a family member’s situation, such as if a child develops special needs and will need appropriate planning.

The article says that an overlooked trigger to updating your will is consolidation in the banking industry. If you named a bank as the executor of your estate and the bank has been bought or sold recently, you may now have a new executor.

Make certain that you know who that person or institution is – and that you trust its judgment.

It’s also important to revisit your beneficiaries after marriage or divorce.

Reference: CNBC (March 1, 2022) “When it comes to a will or estate plan, don’t just set it and forget it”

 

 

 

How to Shop for a Life Insurance Policy

Life expectancy is important because life insurers take on a financial risk by covering you. The higher the chance of an insurer having to pay out your policy, the more you’ll pay and the more difficult it will be to get coverage.

Market Watch’s recent article entitled“5 reasons you might have to pay more for life insurance” says that if you fall into one of the following groups, you may be deemed a high risk to insure.

1. You have a pre-existing health condition. This is something such as cancer, diabetes and any type of autoimmune disorder. Morbid obesity is a big risk. However, if you’re managing your pre-existing condition well, insurers will consider that when setting rates. That’s because the more controlled your health risk is, the more favorable it is for your own mortality. That is good for everybody involved. It is a “win-win.”
2. You work a dangerous job. If you work in a risky workplace, you’ll be treated differently from someone with a desk job. The list of “dangerous” jobs is based on specialized tasks. However, if leave your hazardous job, you can ask your insurer to re-evaluate your rates.
3. You’re a daredevil If you enjoy the thrill of extreme sports, like car racing, piloting, skydiving, scuba diving, or mountain climbing, you’ll likely have higher life insurance rates. Insurers will consider the level of risk you’re taking and how frequently you participate in these activities.
4. You’re receiving drug or alcohol treatment. The type of drug and the length of time you’ve been clean play a part. Insurance companies look carefully at relapse rates, as well as the likelihood of contracting diseases through drug use, like hepatitis C.
5. You have a recent DUI. A DUI is more than a blip on your driving record. It can also impact your ability to get low-cost life insurance. If you received a DUI in the past year, you could expect a higher premium when you apply for life insurance. If you have multiple DUIs over five years ago, you’ll likely pay more than twice as much for coverage as someone with a clean driving record. However, the insurance company may not penalize you for just one DUI that happened five or more years ago.

You can increase your chances of approval by working with a life insurance broker or independent agent. They partner with a number of life insurance companies, so they can help you navigate your options.

Reference: Market Watch (Jan. 25, 2022) “5 reasons you might have to pay more for life insurance”

Does ‘Gray Divorce’ Fit into Estate Planning?

According to the Pew Research Center, the divorce rate has more than doubled for people over 50 since the 1990s. The Pandemic is also adding to the uptick, says AARP’s recent article entitled “Getting Divorced? It’s Time to Update Your Caregiving Plan.”

A divorce can be financially draining. Moreover, later-in-life divorces frequently impact women’s finances more than men’s. That is because in addition to depressed earnings from time spent out of the workforce raising children, women find themselves more financially vulnerable post-divorce and more likely to serve as caregivers again in the future. Even so, for partners of all genders, it is important to consider the longer-term financial outlook, not just the financial situation you’re in when you are actually dissolving the marriage.

You and your spouse will be dividing assets and liabilities and the responsibilities regarding spousal support. How one of you will live if the other gets sick or passes away should also be part of this conversation.

Consider where you’ll need to make changes. One may be removing your spouse from beneficiary designations on all your accounts. (In some states, this is automatic.) Your divorce agreement may also include buying life insurance or maintaining a trust or beneficiary designations for one another.

Create or update your estate plan immediately. You should also ask your estate planning attorney to review your marital agreement. They will have suggestions about how to align your estate plan with your divorce obligations. If you and your ex are co-parenting children, your estate plan should address who their guardians will be, if both biological parents pass away. It is also important to address who will manage any inheritance, if you don’t want your ex-spouse handling assets you may leave to your children.

Create your life care plan, which means naming health care proxies or surrogates (who will take care of your medical affairs, if you’re in need of caregiving), designating a financial power of attorney (who will take care of your finances and legal affairs), and naming a guardian for yourself if you’re incapacitated.

Consider the way in which your divorce will impact your children and extended family if you need caregiving. At a minimum, agree between yourselves what level of contact you can manage and, if you share children and loved ones, know that your lives will cross along the way.

While your marriage may not last, the connections will, so make a wise plan. 

Reference: AARP (Jan. 25, 2022) “Getting Divorced? It’s Time to Update Your Caregiving Plan”

Should I have Revocable Living Trust in Estate Plan?

Kiplinger’s recent article entitled “What Assets Should Be Included in Your Trust?” says that a revocable living trust is a document that’s created to protect your assets during your lifetime. It also creates a way to seamlessly pass your assets at your death. The biggest benefit of creating a trust is avoiding probate. Placing your important assets in a trust can give you peace of mind knowing assets will be passed onto the beneficiary you designate, under the conditions you choose and without first undergoing a drawn-out probate process.

Many people think that once they sign the trust documents at their attorney’s office, they’re good to go. Setting up a trust is just half of the job. For a revocable living trust to take effect, it should be funded by transferring assets into the trust. You can fund a living trust with real estate, financial accounts, life insurance, annuity certificates, personal property, business interests and other assets.

People often ask if it’s wise to place their house in a trust. Considering that your home is potentially one of your largest assets, living trusts can be especially beneficial. A trust can transfer real estate quickly. They also help avoid the hassle of separate probate proceedings for land, commercial properties and homes that are owned out of state or held in different counties. However, property with a mortgage must be retitled in the name of the trust. Some lenders may be reluctant to do this.

There are several types of financial assets that can be owned by a trust, here are some examples:

• Bonds
• Stock certificates
• Shareholders’ stock from closely-held corporations
• Non-retirement brokerage and mutual fund accounts
• Money market accounts
• Cash
• Checking and savings accounts
• Annuities
• Certificates of deposit (CD); and
• Safe deposit boxes.

While creating a trust can seem to be costly and complex, it can make the inheritance process much easier on your beneficiaries. To ensure your trust performs as it is intended, work with an experienced estate planning attorney.

Reference: Kiplinger (Jan. 16, 2022) “What Assets Should Be Included in Your Trust?”

Do Single People Need Estate Planning?

In evaluating your needs for estate planning, look at what might happen if you die intestate – that is, without a last will and testament. Your assets will likely have to go through the probate process, which means they’ll be distributed by the court according to the state intestate succession laws, says Hood County News’ recent article entitled “Even ‘singles’ need estate plans.”

Even if you do not have children, you may have a few nephews or nieces—or children of cousins or friends— to whom you would like to leave some of your assets. This can include automobiles, collectibles and family memorabilia. However, if everything you own goes through probate, there is no guarantee that these individuals will end up with what you wanted them to have.

If you want to leave something to family members or close friends, you will need to say this in your will. However, you also may want to provide support to one or more charitable organizations. You can just name these charities in your will. However, there may be options that could provide you with more benefits.

One option is a charitable remainder trust. With this option, you would transfer appreciated assets – such as stocks, mutual funds or other securities – into an irrevocable trust. The trustee, whom you have named (note that you could serve as trustee yourself) can then sell the assets at full market value, avoiding the capital gains taxes you would have to pay if you sold them yourself, outside a trust. If you itemize, you may be able to claim a charitable deduction on your taxes. The trust can purchase income-producing assets with the proceeds and provide you with an income stream for the rest of your life. At your death, the remaining trust assets will pass to the charities you have named.

There is also a third entity that is part of your estate plans: you. Everyone should make arrangements to protect their interests. However, without an immediate family, you need to be especially mindful of your financial and health care decisions. That is why, as part of your estate planning, you may want to include these two documents: durable power of attorney and a health care proxy.

A durable power of attorney allows you to name a person to manage your finances, if you become incapacitated. This is especially important for anyone who does not have a spouse. If you become incapacitated, your health care proxy (health care surrogate or medical power of attorney) lets you name another person to legally make health care decisions for you, if you cannot do so yourself.

Reference: Hood County News (Dec. 17, 2021) “Even ‘singles’ need estate plans”